Kā iegūt informāciju par aparatūru, izmantojot komandu Dmidecode Linux
Šajā rakstā mēs redzēsim, kā mēs varam izmantot komandu Dmidecode, lai izgūtu jebkuras Linux sistēmas aparatūras informāciju. Pieņemsim, ka, ja mēs vēlamies uzlabot sistēmu, mums ir jāapkopo tāda informācija kā Atmiņa, BIOS un CPU utt. Ar Dmidecode komandas palīdzību mēs uzzināsim detaļas, neatverot sistēmas darbību. Dmidecode komanda darbojas RHEL/CentOS/Fedora/Ubuntu Linux.
Dmidecode rīks nolasa DMI (daži saka, SMBIOS) tabulu, lai iegūtu datus, un cilvēkiem noderīgā formātā parāda noderīgu informāciju par sistēmu, piemēram, aparatūras detaļas, sērijas numurus un BIOS versiju, procesoru utt. Jums var būt nepieciešama root privilēģija, lai izpildītu komandu dmidecode.
1. Demidecode pamata izeja
Zemāk ir Demidecode komandas parauga izeja.
# dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. 45 structures occupying 1642 bytes. Table at 0x000E0010. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 12/06/2006 Address: 0xE78A0 Runtime Size: 100192 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available USB legacy is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
2. Kā iegūt DMI tipus
DMI Id sniedz mums īpašu sistēmas informāciju par aparatūru. Dmidekods ar opcijām ‘-t’ vai ‘–type’ un ‘Id’ sniegs mums precīzu informāciju. Id 6 sniegs mums informāciju par atmiņas moduli.
dmidecode -t 6 # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #0 Bank Connections: 0 1 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x000A, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #1 Bank Connections: 2 3 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK Handle 0x000B, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #2 Bank Connections: 4 5 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK Handle 0x000C, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #3 Bank Connections: 6 7 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK
Tālāk ir sniegta detalizēta informācija par DMI tipiem.
Type Information ---------------------------------------- 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Base Board 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply
Tā vietā, lai dotos ar ‘type_id’, komandai dmidecode varat izmantot arī atslēgvārdu ar ‘-t’ argumentu. Tālāk ir pieejams pieejamo atslēgvārdu saraksts.
Keyword Types ------------------------------ bios 0, 13 system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32 baseboard 2, 10 chassis 3 processor 4 memory 5, 6, 16, 17 cache 7 connector 8 slot 9
Piemēram, lai iegūtu informāciju par kešatmiņu sistēmā, Id 7 vietā varat izpildīt komandu zemāk.
dmidecode -t cache # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x000D, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L1 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 16 kB Maximum Size: 16 kB Supported SRAM Types: Burst Pipeline Burst Asynchronous Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Unknown System Type: Unknown Associativity: Unknown Handle 0x000E, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L2 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: External Installed Size: 0 kB Maximum Size: 512 kB Supported SRAM Types: Burst Pipeline Burst Asynchronous Installed SRAM Type: None Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Unknown System Type: Unknown Associativity: Unknown
3. Kā iegūt informāciju par atmiņu
Kā iegūt informāciju par atmiņu sistēmā un cik daudz atmiņas atbalsta sistēma? Šī komanda parāda, ka sistēma var atbalstīt maksimāli 4 GB RAM.
dmidecode -t 16 # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x001D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 4 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4
Piezīme. Atslēgvārdu sarakstā ar atmiņu saistītās informācijas ID ir 5, 6, 16 un 17.
4. Kā iegūt informāciju par BIOS?
Lai iegūtu sistēmas BIOS informāciju, palaidiet šādu komandu ar opciju ‘-t’.
dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 12/06/2006 Address: 0xE78A0 Runtime Size: 100192 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available USB legacy is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
5. Kā es varu iegūt ražotāju, modeli un sērijas numuru?
Lai iegūtu informāciju par sistēmas ražotāju, modeli un sērijas numuru, izmantojiet šādu komandu, kā parādīts zemāk.
dmidecode -t system # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: LENOVO Product Name: 9637C76 Version: ThinkCentre M55e Serial Number: L9BT188 UUID: 8015D37A-2F82-DC11-A3FB-8C6E4EBAD5CE Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored SKU Number: Not Specified Family: Not Specified Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes System Configuration Options Option 1: Jumper settings can be described here. Handle 0x0010, DMI type 15, 29 bytes System Event Log Area Length: 432 bytes Header Start Offset: 0x0000 Header Length: 16 bytes Data Start Offset: 0x0010 Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions Access Address: 0x0000 Status: Valid, Not Full Change Token: 0x0000001A Header Format: Type 1 Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3 Descriptor 1: POST error Data Format 1: POST results bitmap Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error Data Format 2: Multiple-event Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error Data Format 3: Multiple-event Handle 0x0017, DMI type 23, 13 bytes System Reset Status: Enabled Watchdog Timer: Present Boot Option: Do Not Reboot Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot Reset Count: Unknown Reset Limit: Unknown Timer Interval: Unknown Timeout: Unknown Handle 0x001F, DMI type 32, 20 bytes System Boot Information Status:
Lūdzu, palaidiet “man dmidecode” no termināla vai komandu uzvednes, lai uzzinātu vairāk par dmidecode.