Kā instalēt Docker un palaist Docker konteinerus Ubuntu
Docker ir atvērtā koda un populāra operētājsistēmas līmeņa virtualizācijas (parasti pazīstama kā “konteinerizēšana”) tehnoloģija, kas galvenokārt darbojas operētājsistēmās Linux un Windows. Docker atvieglo lietojumprogrammu izveidi, izvietošanu un palaišanu, izmantojot konteinerus.
Izmantojot konteinerus, izstrādātāji (un sistēmas administratori) var iesaiņot lietojumprogrammu ar visu nepieciešamo lietojumprogrammas darbībai - kodu, izpildlaiku, bibliotēkām, vides mainīgajiem un konfigurācijas failiem un nosūtīt to visu kā vienu paketi. Jā, tas ir tik lieliski!
Šajā rakstā mēs parādīsim, kā instalēt Docker CE (kopienas izdevums), izveidot un palaist Docker konteinerus Ubuntu izplatīšanā.
Docker CE (Kopienas izdevuma) instalēšana Ubuntu
1. Lai instalētu Docker CE, vispirms ir jānoņem vecākas Docker versijas ar nosaukumu docker , docker.io vai docker-engine no sistēmas, izmantojot šādu komandu.
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
2. Pēc tam jums jāiestata Docker krātuve, lai instalētu un atjauninātu Docker no krātuves, izmantojot šādas komandas.
$ sudo apt-get update $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3. Atjauniniet apt pakotnes indeksu un instalējiet jaunāko Docker CE versiju, izmantojot šādas komandas.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz The following NEW packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz 0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded. Need to get 50.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB] Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B] Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB] Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB] Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s) ...
4. Pēc veiksmīgas Docker CE pakotnes instalēšanas pakalpojums ir automātiski jāaktivizē un jāaktivizē, lai sāktu sistēmas sāknēšanas laikā, tā statusu varat pārbaudīt, izmantojot šādu komandu.
$ sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 5274 (dockerd)
Tasks: 8
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
5. Visbeidzot, pārbaudot, vai Docker CE ir pareizi instalēts, palaidot attēlu hello-world .
$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Uzziniet pamata Docker komandas Ubuntu
6. Lai iegūtu informāciju par Docker, izpildiet šo komandu.
$ sudo docker info Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.452GiB Name: tecmint ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode (client): false Debug Mode (server): false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false Product License: Community Engine
7. Lai iegūtu informāciju par Docker versiju, izpildiet šo komandu.
$ sudo docker version Client: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false
8. Lai iegūtu visu pieejamo Docker komandu sarakstu, savā terminālā palaidiet docker .
$ docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
....
Lejupielādējiet Docker attēlu Ubuntu
9. Lai palaistu Docker konteineru, vispirms ir jāielādē attēls no Docker Hub - nodrošina bezmaksas attēlus no tā krātuvēm.
Piemēram, lai lejupielādētu Docker attēlu ar nosaukumu CentOS 7 , izdodiet šādu komandu.
$ sudo docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47 tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK] openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37 centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK] openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20 centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6 openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4 darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2 pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2 pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1 openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1 blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK] jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
10. Pēc tam, kad esat noteicis, kuru attēlu vēlaties palaist, pamatojoties uz jūsu prasībām, lejupielādējiet to lokāli, izpildot komandu zemāk (šajā gadījumā tiek lejupielādēts un izmantots CentOS attēls).
$ docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
11. Lai uzskaitītu visus resursdatorā pieejamos Docker attēlus, izpildiet šādu komandu.
$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
12. Ja vairs nevēlaties Docker attēlu un varat to noņemt, izmantojot šādu komandu.
$ sudo docker rmi centos Untagged: centos:latest Untagged: [email :184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Palaidiet Docker konteineru Ubuntu
13. Lai izveidotu un palaistu Docker konteineru, vispirms ir jāievada komanda lejupielādētajā CentOS attēlā, tāpēc pamata komanda būtu pārbaudīt izplatīšanas versijas failu konteinerā, izmantojot komandu cat , kā parādīts.
$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue
14. Lai atkal palaistu konteinerus, vispirms jums jāiegūst konteinera ID vai nosaukums, izpildot šādu komandu, kurā tiks parādīts palaisto un apturēto konteineru saraksts:
$ sudo docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
15. Kad konteinera ID vai nosaukums ir iegūts, konteineru varat sākt, izmantojot šādu komandu:
$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Virkne 0ddfa81c5779 apzīmē konteinera ID un elastīgs_širlis apzīmē konteinera nosaukumu.
16. Lai apturētu darbojošās konteinera palaišanas komandu docker stop , norādot konteinera ID vai nosaukumu.
$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
17. Labāks veids, lai jums nebūtu jāatceras konteinera ID, būtu katram izveidotajam konteineram noteikt unikālu nosaukumu, izmantojot opciju --name , kā parādīts.
$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
18. Lai savienotu un palaistu Linux komandas konteinerā, izsniedziet šādu komandu.
$ docker run -it centos bash uname -a Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
19. Lai izietu un atgrieztos resursdatorā no darbojošās konteinera sesijas, jums jāievada komanda exit , kā parādīts.
$ exit
Tas viss ir paredzēts manipulācijām ar konteineriem. Ja jums ir kādi jautājumi vai komentāri par šo rakstu, izmantojiet tālāk sniegto atsauksmju veidlapu, lai sazinātos ar mums.