8 Linux Nslookup komandas DNS problēmu novēršanai
nslookup ir komandrindas administratīvais rīks DNS serveru (domēna vārdu servera) pārbaudei un problēmu novēršanai. To izmanto, lai vaicātu arī noteiktus DNS resursu ierakstus (RR). Lielākajai daļai operētājsistēmu ir iebūvēta funkcija nslookup.
Šis raksts detalizēti parāda plaši izmantoto komandu nslookup. Nslookup var palaist divos režīmos: interaktīvā un bez interaktīvā. Interaktīvo režīmu izmanto, lai vaicātu DNS serverim dažādus domēnus un resursdatorus. Non-Interactive režīmu izmanto, lai vaicātu par domēna vai resursdatora informāciju.
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# nslookup yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
Virs komandas vaicājuma domēna www.yahoo.com ar 4.2.2.2 publisko DNS serveri un zemāk esošajā sadaļā redzama Neautoritatīva atbilde: tiek parādīts www.yahoo.com ieraksts
# nslookup 209.191.122.70 Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: 70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpa name = ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
# nslookup ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com. Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
# nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com. ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wa1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1344827307 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 1800
MX ieraksts tiek izmantots, lai domēna vārdu piesaistītu šī domēna pasta apmaiņas serveru sarakstam. Tā, ka tajā teikts, ka jebkura saņemtā/nosūtītā e-pasta adrese uz @ yahoo.com tiks novirzīta uz pasta serveri.
# nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com. ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wa1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1344827782 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 1800
# nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com. ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wa1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1344827965 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 1800
# nslookup -query=any yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: yahoo.com origin = ns1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 2012081016 refresh = 3600 retry = 300 expire = 1814400 minimum = 600 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70 Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns6.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
Lai iespējotu atkļūdošanas režīmu, iestatiet atkļūdošanu, jūs iegūsit tādu detalizētu informāciju kā TTL. Šeit ir izeja.
# nslookup -debug yahoo.com > set debug > yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 ------------ QUESTIONS: yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN ANSWERS: -> yahoo.com internet address = 72.30.38.140 ttl = 1523 -> yahoo.com internet address = 98.139.183.24 ttl = 1523 -> yahoo.com internet address = 209.191.122.70 ttl = 1523 AUTHORITY RECORDS: ADDITIONAL RECORDS: ------------ Non-authoritative answer: Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
Šajā rakstā mēs esam mēģinājuši aptvert komandas nslookup, kas var palīdzēt jums meklēt (DNS) ar domēna vārdu pakalpojumu saistītu informāciju. Nākamais raksts būs par komandu Linux Dig, kas ir līdzīga nslookup. Ja jums patika raksts, lūdzu, dalieties ar draugiem un neaizmirstiet komentāru lodziņā sniegt vērtīgas atsauksmes.