Instalējiet MariaDB datu bāzi RHEL/CentOS/Fedora un Debian/Ubuntu

MariaDB ir binārs MySQL aizstājējs, ko izstrādājuši sākotnējie MySQL projekta autori un pilnībā savietojams ar MySQL, kam ir vairāk funkciju un labāka veiktspējas uzlabošana. Līdz brīdim, kad mēs uzrakstījām šo ziņu, MariaDB 10.0 sērija ir izstrādes versija (Alpha), un MariaDB 5.5 ir pašreizējā stabilā (GA) laidiena versija.

Kāpēc man vajadzētu izmantot MariaDB?

Kā mēs visi zinām, MySQL tiek plaši izmantots un populārākais RDBMS un pirmā izstrādātāju izvēle. 2008. gadā MySQL iegādājās Sun Microsystem, kuru pēc tam nopirka Oracle un kas vairs nav atvērtais kods.

Nu, MariaDB sponsorē Monty Program AB un MariaDB fonds, un to neatkarīgi izstrādā MySQL galvenais izstrādātājs un citi kopienas locekļi un patiesi atvērts avots. Cilvēks, kurš izveidoja MySQL datubāzi, ko veica Maikls “Monty” Widenius, David Axmark un MySQL un Monty Program AB dibinātājs Allans Larsso, tagad ir aiz MariaDB. Viņi pārraudzīs MariaDB fonda attīstību.

Kas lieto MariaDB?

Ir daudz izplatījumu, un lielas vietnes ir pārslēgtas uz MariaDB, dažas no tām ir:

Mozilla Corporation
Vikipēdija
OpenSuse
Fedora
OLX
Nimbuzz
SlashGear
ArchLinux
Redhat Enterprise Linux (no RHEL7)
Slackware
Mageia
Slackware
TurboLinux
Čakru projekts
Gentoo
GNU/Linux KDu

MariaDB datu bāzes instalēšana RHEL/CentOS 6/5 un Fedora 18/17

Mēs ļoti iesakām instalēšanai izmantot pielāgotu MariaDB YUM (Package Manager) krātuvi. Izveidojiet repo failu sadaļā /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo, nokopējiet un ielīmējiet zem tā esošos ierakstus.

Pašlaik MariaDB krātuves, kas pieejamas RHEL 6, RHEL5, CentOS 6, CentOS 5 un Fedora 20,19,18,17. Lūdzu, izvēlieties un pievienojiet pareizo repozitoriju savai OS versijai.

# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:29 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:30 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:21 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:22 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:35 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:31 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:32 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

Kad esat ievietojis MariaDB.repo failu sadaļā /etc/yum.repos.d/. Instalēsim ar komandu YUM.

# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 #
 yum -y install MariaDB MariaDB-server

# On Fedora 20 #
 yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

Ja MariaDB GPG parakstīšanas atslēga nav instalēta, YUM to automātiski instalēs pēc visu pakotņu lejupielādes.

Pēc instalēšanas pabeigšanas palaidiet MariaDB ar šādu komandu.

# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 #
 /etc/init.d/mysql start

# On Fedora 20 #
 systemctl start mariadb.service 
 systemctl enable mariadb.service

Terminālā ierakstiet komandu ‘mysql’. Pēc noklusējuma root parole ir tukša.

 mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

Palaidiet šo komandu, lai skatītu noklusējuma datubāzes, kas nāk ar instalēšanu.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Komandu uzvednē ierakstiet atmest , lai izietu no čaulas.

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye

Pēc instalēšanas jums rūpīgi jāizlasa un zem katras darbības jāiestata saknes parole , jānoņem anonīmi lietotāji , jāaizliedz attālā sakņu pieteikšanās un noņemiet testa datu bāzi un piekļūstiet lai aizsargātu MariaDB.

  mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y

New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Kad post instalēšanas skripts ir pabeigts, jums ir jārestartē MariaDB datu bāze, lai veiktu jaunas izmaiņas.

# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 #
 /etc/init.d/mysql restart

# On Fedora 20 #
 systemctl restart mariadb.service

Iestatiet MariaDB, lai sāktu sāknēšanu

 chkconfig mysql on

Mēģināsim izveidot savienojumu ar nesen iestatītajiem saknes akreditācijas datiem, un mums vajadzētu redzēt kaut ko līdzīgu.

 mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

MariaDB datu bāzes instalēšana Debian 7/6 un Ubuntu 13.04/12/10/12.04

Mēs ļoti iesakām instalēšanai izmantot pielāgotu krātuvi. Lai pievienotu MariaDB savai sistēmai, izpildiet šīs komandas. Lūdzu, ņemiet vērā, ka parakstīšanas atslēga paliks nemainīga Debian un Ubuntu, importējot to pašu.

[email :~$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
[email :~$ sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db

Nokopējiet un ielīmējiet šos ierakstus failā /etc/apt/sources.list apakšā.

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:03 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:17 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:47 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:18 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main

Kad esat pareizi importējis atslēgu un pareizi pievienojis repozitoriju, varat instalēt MariaDB ar komandu apt-get, kā parādīts. Instalēšanas laikā jūs varat lūgt iestatīt datu bāzes saknes paroli.

[email :~$ sudo apt-get update
[email :~$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

Piesakieties MariaDB ar root akreditācijas datiem, kas tika iestatīti iepriekš.

[email :~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
[sudo] password for narad: 
Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 42
Server version: 10.0.3-MariaDB-1~raring-log mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Piezīme. Komandu uzvednē ierakstiet quit , lai izietu no datu bāzes.

Atsauces saites

MariaDB Vs MySQL - funkcijas
MariaDB dokumentācija
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